File:Athée-sur-Cher (Indre-et-Loire) (11498388545).jpg
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Summary
[edit]DescriptionAthée-sur-Cher (Indre-et-Loire) (11498388545).jpg |
Une étable exempt de tuberculose bovine. Dans les années 1950, un quart environ des troupeaux bovins étaient touchés par la tuberculose bovine. Aujourd’hui, la France est considérée comme officiellement indemne de tuberculose bovine, un statut clé car il permet aux éleveurs d’exporter leurs animaux « sur pied », vivants. Chaque année, plus d’un million et demi de bovins français sont ainsi vendus à l’international, principalement en Italie, en Espagne et au Maghreb. (Ministère de l'Agriculture) En juillet 1933, la "loi Queuille", concernant la prophylaxie de la tuberculose des bovidés, constitue en la matière un pas décisif. (…) Cette loi met en place une prophylaxie active, à caractère collectif, organisée par les directions des services vétérinaires et fondée sur le consensus des propriétaires d'animaux. Sans portée immédiate, à cause de la crise, la mesure est reprise , avec quelques dispositions complémentaires , en 1954 : elle aboutit à l'éradication quasi totale de la maladie (…) (L'élevage en France: 10 000 ans d'histoire Par Roland Jussiau, Louis Montméas, Jean-Claude Parot). En ce qui concerne la tuberculose à Mycobacterium bovis, deux mesures réglementaires ont eu un effet important sur l’incidence de la tuberculose en France. Ces deux mesures ont été prises en 1955 et 1963. La première est relative à la pasteurisation obligatoire du lait et la seconde à l’abattage des bovins positifs au test de tuberculination. Avant la mise en application de ces décrets, 10% du cheptel français été infecté et 1,5% des cas de tuberculose humaine étaient dus à Mycobacterium bovis. Aujourd’hui le taux d’incidence de tuberculose chez les bovins est presque nul et une étude menée par Boulahbal et al. en 1998, a montré que seuls 0,5% des cas de tuberculose humaine étaient dus à M. bovis (Canini Laetitia? Les zoonoses en France : évaluation des médecins vétérinaires. Thèse d'exercice, Médecine vétérinaire, Toulouse 3, 2010, 185 P.) |
Date | Taken on 18 October 2013, 16:09 |
Source | Athée-sur-Cher (Indre-et-Loire) |
Author | Daniel Jolivet |
Camera location | 47° 20′ 40.68″ N, 0° 52′ 45.09″ E ![]() | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | ![]() |
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Licensing
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by sybarite48 at https://flickr.com/photos/26082117@N07/11498388545 (archive). It was reviewed on 14 November 2017 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
14 November 2017
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 16:58, 14 November 2017 | ![]() | 4,928 × 3,264 (6.45 MB) | Thesupermat2 (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via Flickr2Commons |
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Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | PENTAX |
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Camera model | PENTAX K-5 II |
Author | JOLIVET Daniel |
Copyright holder |
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Exposure time | 1/125 sec (0.008) |
F-number | f/8 |
ISO speed rating | 200 |
Date and time of data generation | 16:09, 18 October 2013 |
Lens focal length | 55 mm |
Latitude | 47° 20′ 40.68″ N |
Longitude | 0° 52′ 45.09″ E |
Altitude | 43.9 meters above sea level |
Short title |
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Image title |
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Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 9.0 Macintosh |
File change date and time | 17:28, 22 December 2013 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exposure Program | Shutter priority |
Exif version | 2.3 |
Date and time of digitizing | 16:09, 18 October 2013 |
Meaning of each component |
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APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 82 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Contrast | Hard |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Hard |
Subject distance range | Distant view |
GPS time (atomic clock) | 14:09 |
Satellites used for measurement | 09 |
Receiver status | Measurement in progress |
Measurement mode | 3-dimensional measurement |
Speed unit | Kilometers per hour |
Speed of GPS receiver | 0.46 |
Reference for direction of movement | True direction |
Direction of movement | 251.95 |
Reference for direction of image | True direction |
Direction of image | 296.22 |
Geodetic survey data used | WGS-84 |
GPS date | 18 October 2013 |
GPS tag version | 2.3.0.0 |
Width | 4,928 px |
Height | 3,264 px |
Pixel composition | RGB |
Number of components | 3 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Image width | 4,928 px |
Image height | 3,264 px |
APEX shutter speed | 6.965784 |
APEX aperture | 6 |
Name of GPS processing method | GPS |
Bits per component |
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Date metadata was last modified | 18:31, 22 December 2013 |
Writer | Jolivet Daniel |
Unique ID of original document | xmp.did:038011740720681188C6BF2DC3F4C904 |
IIM version | 2 |