File:Arizona thistle, Cirsium arizonicum var. arizonicum (27625658239).jpg
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[edit]DescriptionArizona thistle, Cirsium arizonicum var. arizonicum (27625658239).jpg |
Arizona thistle, Cirsium arizonicum var. arizonicum, California, White Mountains, Crooked Creek, Deep Springs Valley drainage, elevation 3173 m (10410 ft). Also visible are curlleaf mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus ledifolius intermontanus) and royal beardtongue (Penstemon speciosus). This native upland thistle is widespread across the interior southwestern United States from eastern California to eastern Utah and western New Mexico, south to adjacent northern Mexico, generally in the higher mountains. It has been found as high as 3600 m (about 12000 feet), but in the White Mountains appears restricted to the subalpine bristlecone-limber pine forest belt. Here it is found in small colonies connected by underground runners in dry, shallow, often rocky soils, here on dolomite, but also known on granite. The reputation of its genus notwithstanding, this species scarcely shows any tendency toward weediness or disturbed habitats, at least in its native range. The flowers are pollinated mainly by hummingbirds and bees. Even scholarly references like Intermountain Flora and Flora of North America refer to plants of Arizona thistle as being "wickedly" or "viciously" spiny. From the few specimens I have ever collected, I can indeed attest that sturdy leather gloves are as butter to them (not to mention the fingers inside). The plywood end of a plant press is the only sure defense. |
Date | |
Source | Arizona thistle, Cirsium arizonicum var. arizonicum |
Author | Jim Morefield from Nevada, USA |
Camera location | 37° 30′ 18.07″ N, 118° 10′ 28.06″ W | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 37.505019; -118.174462 |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by Jim Morefield at https://flickr.com/photos/127605180@N04/27625658239 (archive). It was reviewed on 29 December 2019 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-sa-2.0. |
29 December 2019
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 03:26, 29 December 2019 | 3,648 × 2,736 (6.98 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Image title | Arizona thistle, Cirsium arizonicum var. arizonicum, California, White Mountains, Crooked Creek, Deep Springs Valley drainage, elevation 3173 m (10410 ft). |
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Camera manufacturer | OLYMPUS IMAGING CORP. |
Camera model | E-510 |
Author | Camera owner, James D. Morefield; Photographer, James D. Morefield; Image creator, James D. Morefield |
Exposure time | 1/500 sec (0.002) |
F-number | f/8 |
ISO speed rating | 200 |
Date and time of data generation | 08:58, 28 July 2016 |
Lens focal length | 42 mm |
User comments | Arizona thistle, Cirsium arizonicum var. arizonicum, California, White Mountains, Crooked Creek, Deep Springs Valley drainage, elevation 3173 m (10410 ft). |
Latitude | 37° 30′ 18.07″ N |
Longitude | 118° 10′ 28.06″ W |
Altitude | 3,172.968 meters above sea level |
Headline | Arizona thistle, Cirsium arizonicum var. arizonicum, California, White Mountains, Crooked Creek, Deep Springs Valley drainage, elevation 3173 m (10410 ft). |
City shown | Bishop |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 314 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 314 dpi |
Software used | RoboGEO v6.3.2 |
File change date and time | 08:58, 28 July 2016 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exposure Program | Aperture priority |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 08:58, 28 July 2016 |
Meaning of each component |
|
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 3.61328125 APEX (f/3.5) |
Metering mode | Spot |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire, auto mode |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | Low gain up |
Contrast | Soft |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Soft |
GPS time (atomic clock) | 15:58 |
Reference for direction of image | True direction |
Direction of image | 90 |
Geodetic survey data used | WGS 1984 |
GPS date | 28 July 2016 |
GPS tag version | 0.0.3.2 |
IIM version | 4 |
Province or state shown | California |
Country shown | United States |