File:Applied thermodynamics for engineers (1913) (14764001364).jpg

Identifier: appliedthermodyn01enni (find matches)
Title: Applied thermodynamics for engineers
Year: 1913 (1910s)
Authors: Ennis, William Duane, 1877-
Subjects: Thermodynamics
Publisher: New York, Van Nostrand
Contributing Library: The Library of Congress
Digitizing Sponsor: The Library of Congress

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ngine was introduced byClerk in 1880. The principle was the same as that of the engine shown in Fig. 119.The Oechelhaueser engine has two single-acting pistons in one cylinder, which areconnected with ci-anks at 180°, so that they alternately approach toward andrecede from each other. The engine frame is excessively long. Changes in thequantity of fuel supplied control the speed. The Koerting engine, a double-actinghorizontal form, has two pumps, one for air and one for gas. A scavenging charge of air is admitted just prior to the entrance of the gas, sweeping out theburnt gases and acting as a cushion between the incoming charge and the exhaustports. The engine is built in large units, with electrical ignition and compressedair starting gear. The speed is controlled by changing the mixture proportions. 340. Special Engines. For motor bicycles, a single air-cooled cylinder is oftenused, with gasoline fuel. Occasionally, two cylinders are employed. The engine 2H APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS
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TYPES OF GAS ENGINE 215 is four-cycle and runs at high speed. Starting is effected by foot power, whichcan be employed whenever desired. Ignition is electrical and adjustable. Thespeed is controlled by throttling. Extended surface air-cooled cylinders have alsobeen used on automobiles, a fan being employed to circulate the air, but the limitof size appears to be about 7 hp. per cylinder. Most automobiles have water-cooled cylinders, usually four in number, four-cycle, single-acting, running atabout 1000 to 1200 r. p. m., normally. Governing is by throttling and by chang-ing the point of ignition. The cylinders are usually vertical, the jacket waterbeing circulated by a centrifugal pump, and being used repeatedly. Both hot-tubeand electrical methods of ignition have been employed, but the former is nowalmost wholly obsolete. The number of cylinders varies from one to six; occa-sionally they are arranged horizontally, duplex, or opposed. Two-cycle engineshave been introduced. The fuel i

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