File:Applied thermodynamics for engineers (1913) (14579697718).jpg

Identifier: appliedthermodyn01enni (find matches)
Title: Applied thermodynamics for engineers
Year: 1913 (1910s)
Authors: Ennis, William Duane, 1877-
Subjects: Thermodynamics
Publisher: New York, Van Nostrand
Contributing Library: The Library of Congress
Digitizing Sponsor: The Library of Congress

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as apart of the producer, the superheated steam being generated by the sensible heatcarried away in the gas. Automatic operation is effected in various ways: inthe Amsler system, by changing the proportion of hydrogen in the gas, involvingcontrol of the steam supply; in the Pintsch process, by varying the draft at theproducer by means of an inverted bell, under the control of a spring, from beneathwhich the engine draws its supply; and in the Wile apparatus, by varying thedraft by means of valves operated from the holder. Figure 114 shows a completeproducer plant, with separate vaporizer, economizer (recuperator), and holder forstoring the gas and equalizing the pressure. 283. By-product Recovery. Coal contains from 0.5 to 3 per cent of nitrogen,about 15 per cent of which passes off in the gas as ammonia. The successfuldevelopment of the Mond process has demonstrated the possibility of recoveringthis in the form of ammonium sulphate, a valuable fertilizing agent. THE GAS PRODUCER 167
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168 * APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS 284. Action in the Producer. Coal is gasified on the producergrate. In suction producers, the rate of gasification may be anywherebetween 8 and 50 lb. per sq. ft. of grate per hour. Anthracite pro-ducers are in this country sold at a rating of 10 to 15 lb. Ideally,the coal is carbon, and leaves the producer as carbon monoxide,4450 B. t. 11. per pound of carbon having been expended in gasification.Then only 10,050 B. t. u. per pound of carbon are present in the gas, andthe efficiency cannot exceed 10,050 -f-14,500 = 0.694. The 4450 B. t. u. con-sumed in gasification are evidenced only in the temperature of the gas.With actual conditions, the presence of carbon dioxide or of free oxygenis an evidence of improper operation, further decreasing the efficiency. Byintroducing steam, however, decomposition occurs in the producer, the tem-perature of the gas is reduced, and available hydrogen is carried to theengine; and this action is essential to producer efficie

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