File:Annual report of the Regents (1900) (14776662334).jpg

Identifier: annualreportof5421900newy (find matches)
Title: Annual report of the Regents
Year: 1889 (1880s)
Authors: New York State Museum University of the State of New York. Board of Regents
Subjects: New York State Museum Science
Publisher: Albany : J.B. Lyon, State Printer
Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Biodiversity Heritage Library

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one 1 with 14^ shrinkage, andbecomes viscous nearly at cone 2. It burns buff, but with viscositythis passes into greenish yellow. The tensile strength ranges from95 to 110 pounds a square inch. The clay contains .7^ solublesalts. Rochester, Monroe co. The Rochester brick and tile manufac-turing CO. is on Monroe street, at the eastern end of the city. Ad-joining this is the German brick and tile co. The clay is reddishin color, 4 to 5 feet thick and underlain by hardpan. Lime pebblesoccur in the lower portions. Molding sand is obtained from a neigh-boring eskar. The following is an analysis of this clay. Silica 50.65 Alumina 15. 46 Peroxid of iron 4.38 Lime 10.95 Magnesia 3.35 Alkalis 6 . 30 90.99 The whole flat area to the west and northwest of the yards wasformerly underlain by clay, but so much of it has been dug overthat the pit is now nearly a quarter of a mile fro^m the works. Thesection in the present clay pit involves: Loam 18 inches Sandy clay 2 feet Fat clay 4 feet Hardpan ft
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CLAYS OF NEW YORK 721 The clav (PL 22) is dug by means of a plow and loaded on cars,wliich are dra\^m to the yard by horses, where it is dischargedeither into the rolls for the soft mud machine or is carriedto a conveyer that discharges it into a series of rolls and pug mills(PI. 27), which temper it for the stiff mud machine. The latter isused only for drain tile and hollow bricks. All the drying is done on pallet racks, some of which are pro-vided with a movable roof to allow the sunlight to enter (PI. 37).The kilns are mostly of the Wingard type, but there are also fourround doA\Ti-draft kilns for burning the hollow ware, and a con-tinuous kiln (PL 47) which is used for burning common brick. The product finds a ready market in Rochester. The lower clay alone is used for making tile, while a mixture olthe top and bottom clays works best in making the bricks. The lower or tile clay, as it is called, is very plastic, but requiresonly 20^ of water to temper it. The air shrinkage is 9^^

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