File:Annual report of the Fruit Growers' Association of Ontario, 1908 (1909) (19364378295).jpg

Identifier: annualreportoffr1908frui
Year: 1909 (1900s)
Authors: Fruit Growers' Association of Ontario
Subjects: Fruit Growers' Association of Ontario; Fruit-culture; Fruit-culture
Publisher: Ontario Dept. of Agriculture, (Warcick Bros.
Contributing Library: Brock University
Digitizing Sponsor: Brock University - University of Toronto Libraries

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1908 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 55 distinguished from each other by the fact that members of the Aphelininae have 8-jointed antennae, a divided meso-pleura, and the middle tibiae are not specially adapted for saltatory purposes. The Encyrtinae, on the other hand, are characterized by the large saltatory spine of the middle tibiae, which is generally long and stout, though less frequently it is found dilated at the base, and armed with a double-row of black teeth or spines. This last feature readily marks off Encyrtinae, as no other family, as far as I am aware, possesses this large saltatory spine. The Aphelininae are generally parasitic upon the Aleyrodidae or, amongst Coccidae, upon members of the sub-family Diaspinae. The commonest member of this family is Aphelinus mytilaspidis, a small yellow parasite which attacks several species of scales but principally the Oyster- shell Bark-louse. The larva feeds on either the scale body or eggs accord- ing to the time of the year; but like most Aphelinids there is not usually more than one larva to a single scale. The larvae, when full grown, are about 1 mm. long and very stout, being almost as broad as long; the pupae, stout, dark and contracted. It appears to be double brooded as the adults were reared at the begin- ning of June and end of August; the adults may be usually observed ovi- positing on the young scales during June. Another closely related species
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Fig. 7. Twice-stabbed Lady- bird, larva and beetle. Fig. 8. Lace-wing fly and Fig. j. Lace-wing fly eggs and larva. Fig. 10. Thirteen- spotted ladybird is Aphelinus fusci^pennds which attacks both San Jose and Curtis Scales. This parasite is widely distributed, one being common on San Jose Scales in some parts of the United States. It differs from the preceding species in having slightly clouded wings. Another very important member of this family is Coccophagus lecanii —a small Chalcid with yellow markings upon the meso-scutum and scutel- lum. It is this parasite, acting in conjunction with Hyperaspis signatus mentioned previously, which so effectively controls the outbreak of Cottony Maple Scale (Pulvinaria irinumerabilis). It is amongst the Encyrtinae, however, that we find the most important Hymenopterous parasites of the Coccidae. During the last summer some twenty species of parasites belong- ing to this family were reared by me from various scales—but principally from the various species of Lecanium. No fewer than ten of these species, or 50 per cent, were reared from one species of scale, namely Eitlecanium Fletcheri. The most common of the Guelph representatives of this family belong to the genus Comys, of which three species are found in this neighborhood. Cornys scuteJlata is a large, handsome species which parasitizes Eule- canium caryae to such an extent that few scales escape. It is probably a European species, accidently introduced and now widely distributed in North America. Comys fusca, a closely allied form, is very common around

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