File:Animal locomotion or walking, swimming, and flying - with a dissertation on aëronautics (1873) (14744335846).jpg

Identifier: animallocomotion00pett (find matches)
Title: Animal locomotion or walking, swimming, and flying : with a dissertation on aëronautics
Year: 1873 (1870s)
Authors: Pettigrew, James Bell, 1834-1908
Subjects: Animal locomotion Physiology Aeronautics
Publisher: London : Henry S. King & Co.
Contributing Library: Yale University, Cushing/Whitney Medical Library
Digitizing Sponsor: Open Knowledge Commons and Yale University, Cushing/Whitney Medical Library

View Book Page: Book Viewer
About This Book: Catalog Entry
View All Images: All Images From Book
Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book.

Text Appearing Before Image:
pported by the ribs. The dragon by this arrange-ment can take extensive leaps with perfect safety.—Original. Fig. 16.—The Flying Lemur <kdeopithecus robins, Shaw . In the flyinglemur the membranous expansion (a b) is more extensive than in theFlying Dragon (fig. 15 . It is supported by the neck, back, and tail, andby the anterior and interior extremities. The flying lemur takes enor-mous leaps; its membranous tunic all but enablingit to fly. The Bat.Phyllorhina gracilis (fig. 17), flies with a very slight increase of surface.The surface exposed by the bat exceeds that displayed by many 36 ANIMAL LOCOMOTION. and birds. The wings of the bai are deeply concave, and so resemble theWings of hectics and heavy bodied short-winged birds. The hones of thearm r), forearm (</). and hand (n, n, n) of the bat (fig. 17) support theanterior or thick margin and the extremity of the wing, and may not inaptlybe compared to the nervnres In corresponding positions in the wing ofthe beetle.—Oi
Text Appearing After Image:
Fig. 17.—The Bat (PhyUorhina gracilis, Peters). Here the travelling-surfaces(r d ef, a w n n) are enormously increased as compared with that of theland and water animals generally. Compare with figures from 10 to 14,p. 34. / Arm of bat; d forearm of bat; ef, >o n n hand of bat.—Original. Although no lizard is at present known to fly, there canbe little doubt that the extinct Pterodactyles (which, accord-ing to Professor Huxley, are intermediate between the lizardsand crocodiles) were possessed of this power. The bat isinteresting as being the only mammal at present endowedwith wings sufficiently large to enable it to fly.1 It affordsan extreme example of modification for a special purpose,—its attenuated body, dwarfed posterior, and greatly elongatedanterior extremities, with their enormous fingers and out-spreading membranes, completely unfitting it for terrestrialprogression. It is instructive as showing that flight may beattained, without the aid of hollow bones and air-sa

Note About Images