File:Ancient Buddhist site, Kalingapatnam Andhra Pradesh - 16.jpg
![File:Ancient Buddhist site, Kalingapatnam Andhra Pradesh - 16.jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Ancient_Buddhist_site%2C_Kalingapatnam_Andhra_Pradesh_-_16.jpg/800px-Ancient_Buddhist_site%2C_Kalingapatnam_Andhra_Pradesh_-_16.jpg?20210717094149)
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[edit]DescriptionAncient Buddhist site, Kalingapatnam Andhra Pradesh - 16.jpg |
English: Kalingapatnam was a major seaport in pre-11th century India, particularly active in the ancient times linking coastal Andhra and Odisha with southeast Asian ports. It and other sea ports helped the trade of goods as well as the spread of Buddhism and Hinduism to southeast Asia. Major Indian rivers were an important infrastructure in this trading network, and Kalingapatnam was the port on the mouth of Vamsadhara river. It was also a capital of the Kalinga empire.
After Asoka's violent conquest of Kalinga and by the 3rd-century CE, competing Buddhist schools had established many centers and monastic sites in Kalinga region. Three of these were along the Vamsadhara river – Dantapuram, Salihundam and Kalingapatnam. Excavations at the Kalingapatnam site has uncovered a large stupa with 26 meter diameter, wiith a wheel shaped architecture similar to the one found in Nagarjunakonda along the Krishna river valley. The stupa has three concentric circles with spokes connecting them. At its center is a square hub. The site also has a smaller stupa (8 meter diameter), a Vedika and Ayaka platforms. The archaeological excavations have also unearthed Vajrayana and Mahayana Buddhism-related items from southeast Asia and China of various periods, of which the most recent ones can be dated between 7th and 10th-century. This suggests that the Buddhist activity in Srikakulam district continued through the late 1st millennium CE. The site's age can not be dated with certainty due to the lack of direct evidence such as early Brahmi inscriptions with chronological hints. However, the brick size and shape found in the Kalingapatnam stupa matches other Indian sites that can be dated with confidence to the 1st century CE. The Kalingapatnam site is therefore tentatively dated to sometime in or after the 1st century. |
Date | |
Source | G.N. Subrahmanyam (OTRS 2021070610008045) |
Author | G.N. Subrahmanyam |
Camera location | 18° 19′ 50.51″ N, 84° 06′ 37.87″ E ![]() ![]() | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | ![]() |
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Licensing
[edit]Photographs created by G.N. Subrahmanyam, India uploaded by User:Ms Sarah Welch are released as CC-0.
This license & permission applies only to the photographs and not to any protected works that might be depicted in the media itself. Unless stated otherwise, the content depicted in the media is in the public domain due to its age.
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 09:41, 17 July 2021 | ![]() | 4,160 × 3,120 (7.19 MB) | Ms Sarah Welch (talk | contribs) | Uploaded a work by G.N. Subrahmanyam from G.N. Subrahmanyam (OTRS 2021070610008045) with UploadWizard |
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Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | Xiaomi |
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Camera model | M2006C3LII |
Exposure time | 1,111/1,000,000 sec (0.001111) |
F-number | f/2.2 |
ISO speed rating | 111 |
Date and time of data generation | 15:31, 1 July 2021 |
Lens focal length | 3.43 mm |
Latitude | 18° 19′ 50.51″ N |
Longitude | 84° 6′ 37.87″ E |
Altitude | 3 meters above sea level |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 72 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 72 dpi |
Software used | MediaTek Camera Application |
File change date and time | 15:31, 1 July 2021 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exposure Program | Not defined |
Exif version | 2.2 |
Date and time of digitizing | 15:31, 1 July 2021 |
Meaning of each component |
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APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Metering mode | Center weighted average |
Light source | Other light source |
Flash | Flash did not fire |
DateTime subseconds | 800 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 800 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 800 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 28 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Speed unit | Kilometers per hour |
Speed of GPS receiver | 0 |
Reference for direction of image | True direction |
Direction of image | 0 |