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1. Iris -Is define as the delicate membrane placed placed in the anterior part of the eyeball. -It perforated in the centre by the pupil. the pupil measure 4mm, regulates the amount of light Ray's reaching the retina. It divides the cornea and lens into anterior and posterior chamber's of the eye. THE STRUCTURE The iris consist of three layers: 1. Endothelium 2. stroma 3. pigmented epithelium FUNCTIONS OF THE IRIS 1. Regulat entry of light into eye. 2. Cut away peripheral aberrations.

CILIARYBODY Define as a triangular structure that is situated between the IRIS anterior and choroid posterior. It consists of: 1. Ciliary process 2. Ciliary muscle PARTS OF THE CILIARY BODY Consists of two parts: 1. Pars plica (about 2mm) 2. Pars plana (about 4mm) FUNCTIONS OF THE CILIARY BODY 1. Formation of aqueous humour 2. Help in drainage of aqueous humour at the angle of anterior chamber. 3. Help in accommodation of lens for seeing near objects. 4. Support the lens through suspensory ligament and determine its thickness.

CHOROID It's a dark brown network of blood vessels situated between the sclera and retina. It extends from ora serrata upto the optic nerve aperture. FUNCTIONS OF THE CHOROID 1. Supply blood to eyeball

BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE UVEAL A. Arterial supply 1. Short ciliary arteries 2. Long posterior ciliary arteries 3. Muscular branches B. Venous drainage The superior ophthalmic vein and inferior ophthalmic vein in turn drains to the cavernous sinus. MALFORMATION AND ANOMALIES OF UVEA 1. Heterochromia iridium 2. Heterochromia iris 3. Polycoria 4. Corectopia 5. Aniridia 6. Coloboma TREATMENT 1. Iris coloured contect lens 2. Intraocular iris diaphragm in cataract surgery.

• The disorder is frequently associated with nystagmus, amblyopia, buphthalmos, and cataract.
• The visual acuity will generally be reduced in the presence of nystagmus.

ENDOTHALMITIS: Is the inflammation of the inner structures of the eyeball, associated with pouring of exudates in vitreous cavity, anterior and posterior chamber's.

• ETIOLOGY

A. Inffective endothalmitis >Cause by exogenous infections. >The causative organisms can be bacteria and fungi. B. Non effective endothalmitis >Caused by certain toxins or toxic substances. 1. Post traumatic sterile endothalmitis. 2. Intraocular tumor 3.Phacoanaphylactic endophthalmitis 4. Post operative sterile endothalmitis

• CLINICAL FEATURES:

SYMPTOMS: 1. Sever ocular pain 2. Redness 3. Lacrimation 4. Photophobia 5. Marked loss of vision SIGNS: 1. Red and swollen lid 2. Conjunctival chemosis and marked circumcorneal congestion 3. Wound edges become yellow and necrotic 4. Cornea is endematous, cloudy and may form ring infiltrate 5. Yellow reflex at the pupil 6. Endematous and muddy iris 7. Vitreous oxidation 8. Increased IOP

• TREATMENT

1. Intravitreal antibiotics and and diagnostic tap 2. Subconjunctival injections 3. Topical concentrated antibiotics 4. Systemic antibiotics

PANOTHALMITIS Is the purulent inflammation of the whole eyeball including tenon's capsule.

• ETIOLOGY

1. An acute bacterial infection 2. Caused by the same causative organisms as endophthalmitis

• CLINICAL FEATURES

Symptoms 1. Severe ocular pain and headache 2. Complete loss of vision 3. Profuse watering 4. Purulent discharge 5. Marked redness and swelling of the eyes 6. Malaise and fever SIGNS: 1. Lids edema and hyperaemia 2. Slightly eyeball proptosis 3. Globe perforations 4. Raised IOP 5. Vision loss 6. Cloudy and edematous cornea

• COMPLICATIONS:

1. Orbital ulceration 2. Carvenous sinus thrombosis 3. Meningitis and encephalitis

• TREATMENT:

1. Anti inflammatory and analgesics 2. Broad spectrum antibiotics