File:Anatomy, physiology and hygiene (1900) (14592613268).jpg

Identifier: anatomyphysiolog00walk (find matches)
Title: Anatomy, physiology and hygiene
Year: 1900 (1900s)
Authors: Walker, Jerome, 1845-
Subjects: Physiology Health
Publisher: Boston, Allyn and Bacon
Contributing Library: The Library of Congress
Digitizing Sponsor: The Library of Congress

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uralgia, headache, or tooth-ache. 314. The Facial or Seventh Pairof Nerves are the great motornerves of the face, the nervesof expression, by which the fea-tures are animated by variousmovements, in response to theemotions. One nerve of the pairemerges from the skull near theexternal opening of each ear, andis distributed to the muscles ofthe face. When these nervesare irritated or diseased, convul-sive twitchings of the face andunusual exj)ressions result. Ifthe injury is confined to thenerve of one side of the face,only the facial movements uponthat side will be disturbed. 315. The Pneumogastric orTenth Pair of Nerves are mixednerves. Their distribution iswider than that of any other Fig. 94. (Dalton.) nerves in the body, and their Diagram of Pneumogastric Nerve, influence greater, for they supply with its principal branches. ° , . 1, pharyngeal branch. the OTganS °f V01Ce aild ^Spira- I: fnS larTgfa?1- tioii with motor and sensory mi- s; ?^yb™tW pulses, and the pharynx, gullet,
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THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 291 stomach, and heart with motor influence. They are con-nected at various points with the sympathetic system of nerves. 316. The Spinal Cord extends downwards from themedulla oblongata about eighteen inches, and ends in apoint opposite the second lumbar vertebra. It is a some-what cylindrical mass of nerve tissue, and is fissured infront and behind. It becomes enlarged in the cervical andlumbar regions, at the points where the nerves supplyingthe upper and lower ex-tremities are given off.Toward the lower end, itsends out prolongationsthrough the sacrumwhich, from their fanciedresemblance to the hairsof a horses tail, are calledthe cauda equina. The centre of the spinalcord, for nearly its entirelength, is composed ofgray matter, arrangedsomewhat like two cres-cents (one in each halfof the cord), united backto back by a band of graymatter. The extremitiesof these crescents, directed toward the front o( the cord,are called anterior horns; those directed backward,

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