File:Anæsthesia and anæsthetics general and local (1903) (14780424664).jpg

Identifier: ansthesiaansthe00pat (find matches)
Title: Anæsthesia and anæsthetics general and local
Year: 1903 (1900s)
Authors: Patton, Joseph M(cIntyre), 1866- (from old catalog)
Subjects:
Publisher: Chicago, Cleveland press
Contributing Library: The Library of Congress
Digitizing Sponsor: The Library of Congress

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ube; when the handle isturned upward to the place indicated by gas air is excluded and gas isinhaled by means of the inspiratory valve. Expirations of the patient passout through the expiratory valve; at the same time the inspiratory valve isclosed. When the handle is pushed backward to the place indicated by novalves the valves are thrown out of action; the patient then breathesback and forth into the gas-b?.g. This feature is used only with the gasand ether method. 90 NITROUS OXIDE at first excitement may arise. If pure gas is given at first it maybe difficult to modify its effects without giving too much oxygen.After a few seconds the oxygen indicator of the apparatus maybe turned to 3 or 4, etc. In young or anaemic subjects the amount of oxygen may beincreased more quickly than in healthy, robust adults. The gas bags should be kept equally distended. The bag con-taining the nitrous oxide will, of course, demand more atten-tion than the oxygen bag. Signs of excitement indicate less
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The essential part of the gas and oxygen apparatus is an inverted Y-shaped tube (Fig. 20-II) attaching to the lower part of the valved stop-cock. It will be noticed that the right arm of the tubes is somewhat longer,to accommodate a revolving obturator which regulates the quantity ofoxygen. This arm of the tube is so constructed that when the obturatoris fully open it represents exactly one-half that of the nitrous oxide arm;if so used it would represent exactly 33 1-3 per cent of oxygen. It maybe said that anaesthesia is never possible with such a large percentage ofthis gas. Graduations are accurately marked on the surface of the tube as1-2, 1-4, 1-8, 1-16, 1-32, representing respectively about 33, 25, 12, 6, and 3per cent of oxygen; these graduations have always reference to the op-posite tube. The surface of the oxygen tube has also small depressionsinto which the metal spring slips when the oxygen is turned on; thispermits the use of the apparatus without taking the attention of

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