File:Amniote skull morphotypes.jpg

English: Skull network illustrations of models that simulate different temporal skull morphotypes (see sketches in each subfigure) found in early amniote evolution [based on Abel and Werneburg (2021)]; nudital and additofenestral skull types were not possible to model, see text]. The skull of †Captorhinus aguti (A) was used as model template. Skull models are shown in an anterior dorsolateral view (B–K). Parallel white stripes indicate a closer network relationship of the connected modules when compared to other modules in the anterior (snout) or posterior (temporal) skull half, respectively (compared to dendrograms in Figures 2E, 4–8). Modeled temporal fenestrae are shown as white full-ellipses, temporal excavations as white half-ellipses. Star-schemes for each model indicate the differentiation of muscle portions (i.e., the points of the star) inside the jaw adductor chamber [see legend in panel (A); the listed bones serve as major origin sites of these muscle portions; letter coloration based on skull modules]. Muscle portions that putatively act as a joined entity are connected by gray filling between star jags; full filling means that the muscles originate from the same skull module (e.g., red), half filling means that the modules, to which the muscle portions attach, are closely associated to each other in the global anatomical network (compared to dendrograms of Figures 2E, 4–8). AMEM, musculus (m.) adductor mandibulae Pars medialis; AMEP, m. adductor mandibulae Pars profundus; AMES, m. adductor mandibulae Pars superficialis; AMP, m. adductor mandibulae posterior; ITF, infratemporal fenestra; LTE, lower temporal excavation; PTD, m. pterygoideus Pars dorsalis; PTV, m. pterygoideus Pars ventralis (perhaps not yet differentiated in †C. aguti); STF, supratemporal fenestra; UTE, upper temporal excavation.