File:American journal of physiology (1898) (14596402800).jpg

Identifier: americanjourna33ameruoft (find matches)
Title: American journal of physiology
Year: 1898 (1890s)
Authors: American Physiological Society (1887- ) American Physiological Society (1887- ). Abstracts of papers presented at the fall meeting American Physiological Society (1887- ). Proceedings
Subjects: Physiology Physiology
Publisher: (Bethesda, Md., etc.) American Physiological Society (etc.)
Contributing Library: Gerstein - University of Toronto
Digitizing Sponsor: University of Toronto

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l the dogs weresubjected to preliminary training in the way of getting used tothe balloons in stomach and oesophagus. As a matter of factall the dogs were well accustomed to these procedures havingbeen used for other fines of work on the hunger mechanism, sothat they would fie quietly and comfortably in the lap of an at-tendant during the tests. It is absolutely essential that the dogsare quiet, if possible sleeping, during these tests, for restlessnessincreases the disturbance of the oesophagus even more than ofthe stomach. The same types of bafioons were used for dog and man. 138 A. J. Carlson and A. B. Luckhardt 1. The Local Spontaneous Contractions. — The presence ofthe inflated balloon in any region of the oesophagus caused rapidlocal contractions, more rapid than those of the human oesopha-gus, alternating with an occasional peristalsis, also of local origin,and occasionally more piolonged tetanic contractions. Thesetetanic contractions usually last only for half a minute to a
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Figure 4. (One half the original size.) Simultaneous records from the stomach (lowercurve) and the lower third of the oesophagus (upper curve) of the dog. At Xthe dogs were allowed to see and smell meat. Showing initiation of oesophagealcontractions parallel with inhibition of the gastric hunger contractions by thesight and smell of food. minute. In one case they lasted fifteen minutes. Tetanic spasmslasting up to five minutes are not uncommon (Fig. 4B). Thesecontractions have no relation to the hunger contractions of theempty stomach, as they may appear during a hunger period aswell as during gastric quiescence (Fig. 5.) They depend on thelocal stimulation of the balloon in the oesophagus and are there-fore more marked the greater the tension in the balloon. Theyare also more marked when the dogs are excited, evidently owingto increased reflex excitability of the medullary centres and some The Oesophagus during Gastric Hunger 139 increase in the tonus of the oesophagus. The disturban

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