File:Aerographer's Mate 3 and 2 (1976) (17946292881).jpg

Title: Aerographer's Mate 3 & 2
Identifier: aerographersmate00nava (find matches)
Year: 1976 (1970s)
Authors: Naval Education and Training Program Development Center; United States. Bureau of Naval Personnel
Subjects: United States. Navy; Meteorology; Oceanography
Publisher: Washington : U. S. Dept. of Defense, Navy Dept. , Naval Education and Training Support Command
Contributing Library: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Digitizing Sponsor: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

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Chapter 14 —AIR MASSES AND FRONTS
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209.376 Figure 14-27.—Satellite picture of typhoon Gilda in the Pacific Ocean showing a distinct "eye". orographic effects produce concentrations of rainfall, which often results in costly floods. Hurricane force winds forcing moisture-laden tropical air up a steep mountain slope often result in phenomenal rainfall. A fall of 88 inches was recorded during one storm in the Philippines. At the other extreme, as little as a trace has been recorded at a station in Florida, which had winds up to 120 knots during the passage of a hurricane. 7. State of the Sea. One of the first signs of the tropical storm is the swell, which comes in a series of waves with the time interval between crests considerably longer than in waves usually observed in the Tropics. Winds of the storm create waves on the sea which move outward from its center more rapidly than the storm progresses and thus outrun the storm and herald its approach. As the wave moves onward, its height from crest to trough diminishes, its length is reduced, and it becomes a low undulating wave, known as a swell. The size and speed of waves created by the winds depend upon the velocity of the winds and the length of water surface over which the winds blow. In a tropical cyclone the waves and swell move outward from the storm center at a rate which nearly always exceeds the speed of progressive movement of the storm. The swell waves continue to move in a straight line through the storm area, whereas the winds turn to the left in the Northern Hemisphere and to the right in the Southern Hemisphere. The direction of swell waves in the open sea gives some indication of the location of the storm center. When considered in connection with the direction of the wind, the movement of the swell waves is significant. The period of the swell waves, that is, the time in seconds between the passage of successive swell wave crests, is helpful in determining the intensity of the storm. In the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico long period swell waves do not commonly occur except in connection with a tropical storm. 343

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