File:Advertisement calls of western U.S. ranids.png

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English: Primary (advertisement) calls of five Rana (=Lithobates) species. Species include R. kauffeldi (column 1), R. sphenocephala (column 2), R. pipiens (column 3), R. palustris (column 4), and R. sylvatica (column 5). Depicted individuals were recorded within 8°C of each other at 10.0, 11.0, 18.0, 15.0, and 10.1°C, respectively. Row 1 shows waveforms of primary call sequences (12 s scale) (note: R. pipiens contains secondary grunts). Rows 2 and 3 show single-call waveforms and spectrograms, respectively (750 ms scale). Row 4 shows power spectra for each single call. Numbers assigned to waveforms in row 1 indicate and identify different individuals.
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Source Feinberg JA, Newman CE, Watkins-Colwell GJ, Schlesinger MD, Zarate B, et al. (2014) Cryptic Diversity in Metropolis: Confirmation of a New Leopard Frog Species (Anura: Ranidae) from New York City and Surrounding Atlantic Coast Regions. PLoS ONE 9(10): e108213. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0108213
Author Feinberg JA, Newman CE, Watkins-Colwell GJ, Schlesinger MD, Zarate B, et al.

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