File:A treatise on anatomy, physiology, and hygiene - designed for colleges, academies, and families (1849) (14804034063).jpg

Identifier: 61410660R.nlm.nih.gov
Title: A treatise on anatomy, physiology, and hygiene : designed for colleges, academies, and families
Year: 1849 (1840s)
Authors: Cutter, Calvin, 1807-1873?
Subjects: Anatomy Physiology Hygiene
Publisher: Boston : Benjamin B. Mussey and Co.
Contributing Library: U.S. National Library of Medicine
Digitizing Sponsor: Open Knowledge Commons, U.S. National Library of Medicine

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to the trunk ofa tree ; the bronchia, to two large branches ; the subdivisionsof the bronchia, to the branchlets and twigs ; the air-cells, tothe buds seen on the twigs in the spring. 470. The air-vesicles and small bronchial tubes compose 467. Of what are the lungs composed ? How retained in place ?468. Where is the trachea situated ? 469. Describe the bronchia. Whatis the aggregate extent of the lining membrane of the air-cells ? To whatmay the trachea and its branches be compared ? 470. What is said ofthe air-cells and bronchial tubes ? ANATOMY OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS. 213 the largest portions of the lungs. These, when once inflated,contain air, under all circumstances, which renders their spe-cific gravity much less than water; hence the vulgar term,lights, for these organs. The trachea, bronchia, and air-cellsare lined by mucous membrane. The structure of this mem-brane is such, that it will bear the presence of pure air withoutdetriment, but not of other substances. Fisj. 91.
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Fig. 91. A representation of the larynx, trachea, bronchia, and air-cells. 1, 1, 1,An outline of the right lung. 2, 2, 2, An outline of the left lung. 3, Tho larynx.4, The trachea. .5, The rijiht bronchial tube. 6, The left bronchial tube. 7, 7, 7,8, 8, 8, The subdivisions of the right and left bronchial tubes. 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, Air-cells. What membrane lines the trachea and its branches ? What is peculiarin its structure ? What does fig. 91 represent ? 214 ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, AND HYGIENE. Observation. The structure of the trachea and lungs may-be illustrated, by taking these parts of a calf or sheep andinflating the air-vesicles by forcing air into the windpipe witha pipe or quill. The internal structure may then be seenby opening the different parts. 471. The lungs, like other portions of the system, are sup-plied with nutrient arteries and nerves. The nervous filamentsthat are distributed to these organs are in part from the tenthpair, (par vagum,) that originates in the brain, an

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