File:A text-book of physiology - for medical students and physicians (1916) (14767830824).jpg

Identifier: textbookofphysio1916howe (find matches)
Title: A text-book of physiology : for medical students and physicians
Year: 1916 (1910s)
Authors: Howell, William H. (William Henry), 1860-1945
Subjects: Physiology Medicine
Publisher: Philadelphia and London : W. B. Saunders Company
Contributing Library: Yale University, Cushing/Whitney Medical Library
Digitizing Sponsor: Open Knowledge Commons and Yale University, Cushing/Whitney Medical Library

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muscles innervated by the facial. recent investigations have indicated that it will be necessary toconsider also the separation of function along horizontal planes(von Valkenburg). That is to say, it seems quite possible that theseveral strata in the cortex, such as the granular, the infra-granular, and the supragranular layers may mediate different ac-tivities of the brain, or even different psychical functions. * von Monakow, Ergebnisse der Physiologie, vol. xiii., 1913. 196 PHYSIOLOGY OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. The Motor Area.—The first experiments of Fritsch and Hitzigdisclosed the location of a cortical region in the dog which uponstimulation gave definite movements. The later experiments ofFerrier, Schafer, Horsley, and Beevor, particularly upon the apes,gave reason for believing that this motor area surrounds thecentral sulcus of Rolando and extends inward upon the mesialsurface of the cerebrum. Its exact boundaries marked out by Toes AnusfyVagutja- ~ £&Sf&. Abdomen-
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£lbWrist- Ear rei Nose °fjaiUOhening Voe&L Mastication.ofJOLu) cords Fig. 87.—Location of motor areas in brain of chimpanzee.—(Sherrington and Green-baum.) The extent of the motor areas is indicated by stippling; it lies entirely in frontof the fissure of Rolando (sulcus centralis). Much of the motor area is hidden in the sulci.The regions marked eyes indicate the areas whose stimulation gives conjugate movementsof the eyeballs. It is doubtful, however, whether these represent motor areas proper. careful stimulation of the region in monkeys was more or lessverified upon man, -since in operations upon the brain it wasoften necessary to stimulate the cortex in order to localize agiven motor area. By these means charts have been madeshowing the cortical area for the musculature of each part ofthe body. It was found that in general the distribution ofthe areas lies along the central sulcus of Rolando and followsthe order of the cranial and spinal nerves. Within each areasmaller

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