File:A text-book of physiology - for medical students and physicians (1916) (14767045231).jpg

Identifier: textbookofphysio1916howe (find matches)
Title: A text-book of physiology : for medical students and physicians
Year: 1916 (1910s)
Authors: Howell, William H. (William Henry), 1860-1945
Subjects: Physiology Medicine
Publisher: Philadelphia and London : W. B. Saunders Company
Contributing Library: Yale University, Cushing/Whitney Medical Library
Digitizing Sponsor: Open Knowledge Commons and Yale University, Cushing/Whitney Medical Library

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nth, and eleventh cranialnerves. Those that emerge in the third nerve end, as preganglionicfibers, in the ciliary ganglion. Their postganglionic fibers leavethis ganglion in the short ciliary nerves and innervate the plainmuscle of the sphincter of the iris and the ciliary muscle. Thefibers that emerge in the seventh and ninth nerves probably supplythe glands and blood-vessels (vasodilator fibers) of the mucousmembrane of the nose and mouth. Some of these fibers reach thefifth nerve by way of anastomosing branches and are distributedwith it. Their preganglionic portion terminates in some of theganglia belonging to the sympathetic type which are found in thisregion, such as the sphenopalatine and otic ganglia, and the sub-maxillary and sublingual ganglia for the fibers distributed to theglands of the same name. The autonomic fibers that arise withthe tenth (and the eleventh) nerves are distributed through the 256 PHYSIOLOGY OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. vagus. Physiologically these fibers
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Fig. 112.—Diagram giving a schematicrepresentation of the course of the autonomic(sympathetic) fibers arising from the thoraci co-lumbar and sacral regions of the cord. Thepreganglionic fiber is represented in red, thepostganglionic in black lines. The arrows in-dicate the normal direction of the nerve im-pulses or nerve conduction. _ <S.c, Superiorcervical ganglion; I.e., inferior cervical gan-glion; T, the first thoracic ganglion; Sp., thesplanchnic nerve; C, the semilunar or celiacganglion; m., the inferior mesenteric ganglion;h., the hypogastric nerves; N.E., the nervuserigens. The numerals indicate the corre-sponding spinal nerves. consist of motor fibers (viscero-motor fibers) to the muscula-ture of the esophagus, stomach,small intestine, and large intes-tine as far as the descendingcolon, motor fibers to the bron-chial musculature, inhibitoryfibers to the heart, and secre-tory^ fibers to the gastric andpancreatic glands. The gan-glia in which the preganglionicportions end

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