File:A text-book of physiology - for medical students and physicians (1916) (14583721267).jpg

Identifier: textbookofphysio1916howe (find matches)
Title: A text-book of physiology : for medical students and physicians
Year: 1916 (1910s)
Authors: Howell, William H. (William Henry), 1860-1945
Subjects: Physiology Medicine
Publisher: Philadelphia and London : W. B. Saunders Company
Contributing Library: Yale University, Cushing/Whitney Medical Library
Digitizing Sponsor: Open Knowledge Commons and Yale University, Cushing/Whitney Medical Library

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s along the central sulcus of Rolando and followsthe order of the cranial and spinal nerves. Within each areasmaller centers may be located by careful stimulation; thus, thehand and arm area may be subdivided into centers for the wrist,fingers, thumb, etc. Sherrington and Greenbaum,* making * Reports of the Thompson-Yates and Johnson Laboratories, 4, 351,1902; 5, 55, 1903. GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY OF THE CEREBRUM. 197 use of electrical stimulation, unipolar method, have exploredcarefully the motor areas in the monkey. They state thatthese areas do not extend back of the central sulcus, but liechiefly along the anterior central convolution, as representedin Figs. 87 and 88, and extend for only a small distance on tothe mesial surface of the cerebrum. The area thus delimitedby physiological experiments is the region from which arisesthe pyramidal system of fibers, and clinical experience has Sulc. Central. Anus, * Vagina. c , f, \ / Sulc.precentr.marg. SuLccaHosomarg.-^ Sttlcparieto occtp<
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Sulccalcarin. C.S.S. del. Fig. 88.—To show extension of motor areas on to the mesial surface, brain of chim-panzee.—(Sherrington and Oreenbaum). Mesial surface of left hemisphere: Stippled regionmarked LEG gives the motor area for lower limb; f, s, and h indicate regions from whichmovements were obtained occasionally with strong stimuli; f, foot and leg; s, shoulder andchest; h, thumb and fingers. The shaded area marked EYES indicates a region stimulationof which gives conjugate movements of the eyes. shown that lesions in this part of the cortex are accompaniedby a paralysis of the muscles on the other side, particularlyin the limbs. Pathological or experimental lesions here, more-over, are followed by a degeneration of the pyramidal neurons,—a degeneration which extends to the termination of the neuronsin the cord. With these data we can construct a fairly completeaccount of the mechanism of voluntary movements. The ini-tial outgoing or efferent impulses arise in the large pyr

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