File:A text-book of human physiology (1906) (14790279573).jpg

Identifier: textbookofhumanp00tige (find matches)
Title: A text-book of human physiology
Year: 1906 (1900s)
Authors: Tigerstedt, Robert, 1853-1923 Murlin, John R. (John Raymond), b. 1874, tr
Subjects: Physiology
Publisher: New York and London, D. Appleton and Co.
Contributing Library: Columbia University Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Open Knowledge Commons

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Fig. 124. The thorax seen from the rightide, after Spalteholtz. 316 RESPIRATION they can, with very slight contraction, produce verj- marked movements of theanterior ends. In the rabbit with more vigorous respiration the serrati postici superiores,the sternohyoidei and the sternothyroidei come into play. In man, finally,Duchenne has found that in the greatest respiratory distress the following mus-cles are active: the sternocleido mastoids which lift the sternum when the head isfixed; the pectorales minores which lift the third to the fifth ribs with the scapulafixed; the serrati aiitici magrii, the pectorales majores and the suhclavii. C. MOVEMENTS OF THE DIAPHRAGM The diaphragm springs from the entire inner surface of the lower edge ofthe thoracic skeleton; its fibers converge toward the axis of the body, and attachthemselves to the flat tendon situated in the center of the muscle. It presents
Text Appearing After Image:
Fig. 125.—Schema, after Hasse, showing the movements of the diaphragm, Hver, stom.ach, and spleen in respiration. a convex curvature toward the thoracic cavity, being, so to speak, arched overthe convex upper surface of the liver. When the muscle fibers of the diaphragm contract, its dome-shaped upperpart is flattened and moves downward. The central tendon takes part inthe movement and becomes flattened because of the pull of the muscle fiberson all sides of its periphery. However, in deep respiration the dome itselfalways descends further than does the center (Hasse. Fig. 125). Accordingto observations made with X rays (Cowl), during deep respiration the sweepof the diaphragm corresponds to the distance from the middle of the tenthto the upper edge of the twelfth thoracic vertebra. The maximal excursionof the central tendon is about -4 cm. (Gronroos). At the same time by elevation of the ribs and of the sternum, the lowerend of the thorax is increased in diameter (Duchenne). This i

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