File:A history of architecture in Italy from the time of Constantine to the dawn of the renaissance (1901) (14597823529).jpg

Identifier: historyofarchit02cumm (find matches)
Title: A history of architecture in Italy from the time of Constantine to the dawn of the renaissance
Year: 1901 (1900s)
Authors: Cummings, Charles Amos, 1833-1905
Subjects: Architecture
Publisher: Boston, New York, Houghton Mifflin and company
Contributing Library: PIMS - University of Toronto
Digitizing Sponsor: University of Toronto

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dedicated to the Virgin,was surrounded by five other basilicas; an imperial palace andnumerous lesser official residences were included within the sur-rounding wall, colonnades of great extent furnished sheltered walksfor the rich and proudmonks, and the whole ->£>„ was enclosed by astrongly fortifiedwall, with towers atintervals.^ Of the secondgroup of monaste-ries, beginning withthose either foundedby the Cistercians orsubstantially rebuiltby them during thefirst half of thetwelfth century, wefind several exampleswhich, though unhap-pily in a more or lesscondition,yet sufficientlypreserved to show usclearly both theirgeneral disj^ositionand their architec-tural design. Theearliest of these arethe three foundedwithin ten or twelveyears of each other by Bernard of Clairvaux, in all of which the name of the parentmonastery was preserved, though in the Italian form, viz., Chiara-valle near Milan, whose church has been already described in a ^ Gregorovius, iii., 284. rumous are
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t:iiiiiii^;:Xix :n J.AXJ.lXa._lj: Fig. 326. Plan of Monte Cassino. Present Monastery. 138 ARCHITECTURE IN ITALY previous chaj^ter, Chiaravalle della Colomba, near Piacenza, andChiaravalle di Castagnola, near Ancona. Of all these, the churchesare the only portions which have not become ruinous by time andneglect, or transformed by restoration. The churches are in eachcase of brick, and the two earlier ones are of rude and heavy design,with massive round piers supporting ponderous arches and low groinedvaults. The latest, that of Chiaravalle di Castagnola, is of muchlighter and more advanced construction, and is probably the earliestexisting example of the introduction in Italy of the forms, and to alimited extent the construction of the Gothic architecture of NorthernFrance.^ Its plan is a Latin cross with nave and aisles of six bays,a transept with a square bay at the crossing, and two bays in each

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