File:A Dome in Khan As'ad Pasha- قبة في خان أسعد باشا.jpg
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English: Khan As'ad Pasha is the largest khan in the Old City of Damascus,covering an area of 2,500 square metres (27,000 sq ft). Situated along Al-Buzuriyah Souq, it was built and named after As'ad Pasha al-Azm, the governor of Damascus, in 1751-52.Khan As'ad Pasha has been described as one of the finest khans of Damascus,and the most "ambitious" work of architecture in the city. Throughout the Ottoman era, it hosted caravans coming from Baghdad, Mosul, Aleppo, Beirut and elsewhere in the Middle East.
The building follows a typical Ottoman khan layout with two floors giving onto a central courtyard. Khan As'ad Pasha is entered from Suq al-Buzuriyyah, through a monumental gateway decorated with stone carvings and roofed by a muqarnas semi-dome. The entrance leads to a square-shaped courtyard with old shops on the ground floor. The second floor, accessible by a staircase located to the right of the main entrance, was used mainly for lodging and has eighty rooms arranged along a gallery facing the courtyard. The space of the central courtyard is divided into nine equal square modules, where each module is covered with a dome raised on a drum pierced with twenty windows. The domes are supported by pendents that transfer the load onto four piers and to the courtyard walls. An octagonal marble fountain occupies the center of the courtyard below the central dome. Each of the four courtyard walls has three doorways on the ground floor, flanked by two rectangular windows. The symmetry is maintained on the second floor where each gallery façade has three archways flanked by two smaller ones. The khan is built of alternating courses of basalt and limestone. Three of the courtyard domes were destroyed in an earthquake in 1758. The openings were covered with wooden planks until 1990 when the khan was restored and the domes rebuilt. At the beginning of the 20th century, Khan As'ad Pasha was no longer used for commercial purposes. Until its restoration in 1990, it was used for manufacturing and storage. Today, it is designated as a tourist site and hosts the Natural History Museum of Damascus.العربية: يقع خان أسعد باشا في دمشق القديمة في وسط سوق البزورية أحد الاسواق التراثية في دمشق. بناه الوالي أسعد باشا العظم سنة 1167ه/1753م أي بعد أربع سنوات من بناء قصر العظم الشهير كأجمل بناء إسلامي وهو ملك خاص لوالي دمشق أسعد باشا العظم ثم انتقلت ملكيته فيما بعد إلى عدد من التجار، ثم استملكته مديرية الآثار السورية مؤخراً ورمم لاستخدامه موقع وسوقاً سياحية للصناعات الشعبية تقام فيه المعارض .
يقع هذا الخان في سوق البزورية الشهير حيث باعة العطارة والسكاكر وعبق التاريخ، إلى جانب حمام تاريخي أنشئ في عصر نور الدين بن زنكي ، وتبلغ مساحة هذا الخان 2500م2، ويمتاز بواجهة عريضة في وسطها بوابة ضخمة مزخرفة، يعلوها ساكف مزخرف بقوسين بارزين متشابكين وفوقهما تجويف من المقرنصات يحيطه قوس مركب من أحجار متشابكة مسننة بلونين أبيض وأسود متناوبين، وفوقه نافذتان وعلى جانبي القوس من الأعلى نوافذ مستطيلة، ومن الأسفل فتحتان مزودتان بفسقيتين. وفي واجهة البناء الجنوبية الغربية 31 مخزناً. وبعد دهليز عريض يستوعب غرفتين للحراسة ومصعدي الدرجتين، نصل إلى باحة ذات فتحة سماوية دائرية توحي أنها كانت مغلقة بقبة، وفي وسط الباحة بركة مثمنة. وجدران الباحة التي تشكل واجهات الغرف مبنية بالحجر الأسود والأبيض بمداميك متناوبة. ويحيط الفتحة السماوية ثمانية قباب تغطي الباحة عدا مركزها بمساحة 729م2 ولقد أعيد ترميم بعض هذه القباب مؤخراً, وهي ترتفع عشرين مترا . |
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| Source | Own work |
| Author | Hani Zaitoun |
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