File:A 670 nm photobiomodulation (PBM) increases exhaled carbon dioxide partial pressure.jpg

English: "End-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) was recorded by side stream capnometry, every 15 min for 2 h, following a fasted oral glucose tolerance test. The expected increase in exhaled CO2 partial pressure following glucose ingestion was observed across both groups for each visit (A–C). No statistically significant difference was found between the 670 nm PBM and Placebo intervention groups (p = 0.21) (A). Within the 670 nm PBM group, exposure to 15 min of 670 nm light, was found to induce a significant increase in EtCO2 (multivariate analysis of variance, p = 0.03) compared with the control data (visit 1) from each participant (B). Post hoc analysis indicates a statistically significant increase in EtCO2 at 60 min, when compared against 670 nm PBM control visit data (B). No statistically significant difference was observed between the control and intervention results from the placebo group (C). *p < 0.05. Error bars are standard error of the mean."

"Reduced blood glucose may result from increased glucose oxidation, or from increased glucose storage as glycogen. Increased oxidation would lead to elevated CO2 production and may be detectable in exhaled breath. Here, EtCO2 increased during all glucose tolerance tests (Figure 5A–C). No significant differences were observed between 670 nm PBM intervention and placebo intervention (Figure 5A). However, a significant difference in EtCO2 was observed between the 670 nm PBM intervention and their paired participant control visit results across the OGTT time course (MANOVA, p = 0.03; Figure 5B). No significant difference in breath rate was observed for any intervention."

"In the 670 nm PBM group, immediately following initial blood glucose measurement, participants exposed an 800 cm2 region of upper back to 670 nm light for 15 min at an intensity of 40 mW cm−2 (28 800 J). This would illuminate skin cells and underlying musculature including the trapezius [23]. Light was delivered via light emitting diodes (LED); 670 nm peak wavelength with a half power band of ~10 nm (Light Power Health, UK). The LED array was positioned 400 mm from the participants back"