File:A 670 nm photobiomodulation (PBM) alters the oral glucose tolerance test response within individuals.jpg

English: "Paired participant analysis, comparing individuals oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) responses before and after PBM (A–D). A 670 nm PBM reduced the absolute blood glucose concentration (A) and blood deviation from time point 0 min of the OGTT (B), in individuals. Area under the curve analysis showed a 7.9% reduction in total blood glucose concentration during the OGTT following PBM (C, p = 0.0012), which results in a 26.3% reduction in post-consumption deviation (D, p = 0.0008). (E–H) Glucose response within a single population was carried out as above for the placebo intervention; there were no significant differences found, when comparing absolute blood glucose concentration, or analysis of change from 0 min of the OGTT. ***p < 0.005, ns, not significant. Error bars are standard error of the mean."

"There are variations in the OGTT response between individuals [20, 24] that may influence the observations seen between groups. To confirm any findings, paired participant analyses were performed, comparing individuals' responses without intervention (control) against their subsequent results post-670 nm PBM (Figure 3A–H). Within the 670 nm PBM group, PBM reduced the absolute blood glucose concentration (Figure 3A), p = 0.08 MANOVA, with a Wilks' lambda F = 40.5, p < 0.001, indicating possible significance at individual timepoints. Discreet timepoint significant differences were confirmed with post hoc analysis. When these data are re-baselined to timepoint 0 there is a similar reduction in blood glucose (Figure 3B, p < 0.001). In both methods of comparison (Figure 3A,B) post hoc analysis shows significant difference in concentration 60-min post-glucose consumption, with the significant difference maintained before returning to normal at 2 h."

"Absolute glucose concentration throughout the OGTT was assessed using area under the curve analysis, which showed a 7.9% reduction in absolute blood glucose concentration during the OGTT following PBM (Figure 3C, p = 0.0012). Baselined Data for changes in blood glucose after resorption was reduced by 26.3% following 670 nm PBM (Figure 3D, p = 0.0008).

Within-participant data for the placebo group, comparing placebo control and placebo intervention results, showed no difference in blood glucose concentration between the control visit and intervention visits (Figure 3E–H)."

"In the 670 nm PBM group, immediately following initial blood glucose measurement, participants exposed an 800 cm2 region of upper back to 670 nm light for 15 min at an intensity of 40 mW cm−2 (28 800 J). This would illuminate skin cells and underlying musculature including the trapezius [23]. Light was delivered via light emitting diodes (LED); 670 nm peak wavelength with a half power band of ~10 nm (Light Power Health, UK). The LED array was positioned 400 mm from the participants back"