File:02023 Treasure from Zawada Lanckorońska, 10th century, Earrings.jpg

English: Małopolski Instytut Kultury w Krakowie; zobacz więcej: www.muzea.malopolska.pl ;;;fot. Małopolski Instytut Kultury w Krakowie In July 1932, Feliks Łyczko, while digging a trench in his field in the southwestern part of an ancient borough site, came across a clay pot turned upside down at a depth of about half a metre. There were glass and silver decorations inside. These valuables must have been hidden by a wealthy person from the 10th century who was probably threatened.

The artefacts were purchased by the Museum of the Polish Academy of Learning in Kraków. The on-site verification and inspection were carried out by the archaeologist Rudolf Jamka, associated with the Jagiellonian University, who additionally bought some of the decorations from the finder, who had intended to keep them as a souvenir. In the 1960s, a Cracovian archaeologist Andrzej Żaki acquired two more glass beads from Feliks Łyczko. Eventually, the Museum received 49 glass beads and 30 silver ornaments and the vessel in which this early medieval treasure had been stored.

The presented vessel is a thick-walled clay pot, moulded by hand, partially coiled on a potter’s wheel from the inside and outside. It is decorated with an engraved ornament: in the upper part of the body, there is a band of wavy lines, while below it, there are five bands of parallel lines. During the extraction, the edge of the vessel was damaged, so it was therefore glued in the upper part.

Earrings from the vessel:

Earring with four beads MAK/10157/62. The earring (Břeclav-Pohansko type) consists of a round hoop with four beads: two strung in opposite directions on the hoop halfway up its height, and two attached in the middle (above and below the lower part of the hoop). The lower part of the hoop is covered with filigree braided wire.

Earrings with corn pendant MAK/10157/73, MAK/10157/75. The earrings consist of a round two-piece hoop and three openwork baskets. Two of them are placed at the junction of the hoop’s parts, the third one inside the hoop on a vertical slat. Two wires, hanging like garlands, reach the top of the slat. The vertical slat, wires and the lower part of the hoop are decorated with pellets. There is a pendant below the hoop which is formed out of six star-shaped circles placed one on top of one another. The jewellery is classified as the Zawada type.

Earrings with a grape pendant MAK/10157/67, MAK/10157/71. The earrings (Trnovec and Denis types) consist of a round hoop with four or five wreaths made up of six tiny balls strung on its bottom half. There is a pendant at the bottom of the hoop. Its upper part (above the hoop) consists of a circle of five balls, set in a star shape and surrounded by two rings of wire. The composition is topped with a large sphere. The lower part of the pendant – which is typical of the Trnovec type – consists of three similar circles of balls, surrounded by two rings of wire from above and below, and a ball at the bottom end. In the earring of the Denis type, its lower part consists of: three coils of silver wire, a star-shaped circle of six balls, two rings of wire above and below three flattened balls. The lower segment ends with a large, non-flattened ball.