File:005252023 Ratan Deo group of temples, Dwarahat Uttarakhand 185.jpg
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[edit]Description005252023 Ratan Deo group of temples, Dwarahat Uttarakhand 185.jpg |
English: The Ratan Deo group of temples, also known as Ratan Deval shrines, are 11th to 13th-century Hindu temples in Dwarahat. This complex consists of a row of shrines in Himalayan version of Nagara architecture. The shikharas are economically fashioned, and "bear karṇāmalakas (ribbed stones set at corners) to suggest storeys and notched pieces of stone on the corners of veṇukośas (segmented outer nodal sheaths) and madhyalatās (central bands) to suggest a projecting cornice or a receding necking", writes Chanchani (Nachiket Chanchani (2014), From Asoda to Almora, The Roads Less Taken: Māru-Gurjara Architecture in the Central Himalayas, Arts Asiatiques, Tome 69, pp. 3-16).
Dwarahat is a historic site in Uttarakhand with many groups of Hindu temples built and restored between the 8th and the 16th century. These temples are attributed to various Hindu kings and queens from different dynasties, particularly those from the Katyuri dynasty. Totaling about 55 Hindu temples, they are notable as central Himalayan temples built with design and architecture typically found in distant, different parts of India (west, south, east). The Dwarahat temples were reduced to ruins by Delhi Sultanate and later the Mughals. Some were restored after the 15th century, and more recently in the 21st century by regional Hindu community and the ASI. For scholarly sources on Gujardeo temple group, see: Nachiket Chanchani (2019), Mountain Temples and Temple Mountains: Architecture, Religion, and Nature in the Central Himalayas, University of Washington Press. |
Date | |
Source | Own work |
Author | Ms Sarah Welch |
Camera location | 29° 46′ 33.34″ N, 79° 25′ 44.56″ E | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 29.775928; 79.429044 |
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current | 19:35, 24 December 2023 | 4,624 × 3,468 (7.84 MB) | Ms Sarah Welch (talk | contribs) | Uploaded own work with UploadWizard |
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Camera manufacturer | samsung |
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Camera model | SM-M317F |
Exposure time | 1/979 sec (0.0010214504596527) |
F-number | f/1.8 |
ISO speed rating | 25 |
Date and time of data generation | 08:55, 25 May 2023 |
Lens focal length | 5.23 mm |
Latitude | 29° 46′ 33.34″ N |
Longitude | 79° 25′ 44.56″ E |
Altitude | 1,432 meters above sea level |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 240 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 240 dpi |
Software used | Luminar AI |
File change date and time | 08:55, 25 May 2023 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exposure Program | Normal program |
Exif version | 2.2 |
Date and time of digitizing | 08:55, 25 May 2023 |
Meaning of each component |
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APEX brightness | 7.62 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 1.69 APEX (f/1.8) |
Metering mode | Spot |
Flash | Flash did not fire |
DateTime subseconds | 000 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 000 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 000 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 24 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |