File:0051423 Pathyar rock inscriptions, Himachal Pradesh 034.jpg
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[edit]Description0051423 Pathyar rock inscriptions, Himachal Pradesh 034.jpg |
English: The Pathiar rock inscriptions, also referred to as Pathyar or Pathiyar inscriptions, are two line ancient inscriptions found in Kangra valley of Himachal Pradesh. Each line is in a different ancient Indian alphabet. It is dated to the 3rd to 2nd century BCE based on script characteristics. This inscription is often studied together with the Kanihara rock inscription of Himachal Pradesh, which too is a two line inscription in the same two alphabets. Both also have two auspicious symbols after their Brahmi line – one swastika, the other a foot print.
The two lines of Pathiar rock inscriptions say the same, but for an extra word, according to the Indologist Ph Vogel. The upper line is Brahmi and it reads "Vayulasa pukarini", followed by the auspicious symbols. The second line is in Kharoshthi alphabet, it reads "Vayulassa pukkarini". Translated, they mean "Vayulasa's lotus-pond". An extra word is present in the Kharoshthi line, and it reads "Rathin" (of "rath", as in chariot). It is unclear what this word means, and the Indologist Vogel interprets it as the surname of a family which used to be in chariot profession (in modern era, Rathin is one of the surname of farmers in Kangra valley). The cultural significance of the Pathiyar rock inscription, when considered with the nearby Kanihara inscription, is that it attests to existence of gardens with ponds in ancient India where families could donate to its sections. A replica of the original Pathyar rock and inscription is also present in Kangra Fort museum. |
Date | |
Source | Own work |
Author | Ms Sarah Welch |
Camera location | 32° 08′ 35.83″ N, 76° 24′ 18.52″ E | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 32.143286; 76.405144 |
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[edit]This file is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. | |
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current | 22:31, 11 January 2024 | 4,624 × 3,468 (9.23 MB) | Ms Sarah Welch (talk | contribs) | Uploaded own work with UploadWizard |
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Camera manufacturer | samsung |
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Camera model | SM-M317F |
Exposure time | 1/545 sec (0.0018348623853211) |
F-number | f/1.8 |
ISO speed rating | 25 |
Date and time of data generation | 14:20, 14 May 2023 |
Lens focal length | 5.23 mm |
Latitude | 32° 8′ 35.83″ N |
Longitude | 76° 24′ 18.52″ E |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 240 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 240 dpi |
Software used | Luminar AI |
File change date and time | 14:20, 14 May 2023 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exposure Program | Normal program |
Exif version | 2.2 |
Date and time of digitizing | 14:20, 14 May 2023 |
Meaning of each component |
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APEX aperture | 1.69 |
APEX brightness | 6.84 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 1.69 APEX (f/1.8) |
Metering mode | Spot |
Flash | Flash did not fire |
DateTime subseconds | 000 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 000 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 000 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 24 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |